{"id":2080,"date":"2014-02-16T15:11:23","date_gmt":"2014-02-16T13:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.devrearsiv.com\/?p=2080"},"modified":"2014-02-16T15:11:23","modified_gmt":"2014-02-16T13:11:23","slug":"ohm-kanunu-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/ohm-kanunu-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Ohm kanunu nedir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ohm kanunu yada Ohm yasas\u0131; 1827 y\u0131l\u0131nda Georg Simon Ohm taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. Elektrik devrelerinde Voltaj, Ak\u0131m ve Diren\u00e7 aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 mevcuttur. Voltaj, Ak\u0131m ve Diren\u00e7 aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bu elektrik devresinde iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki bir tel \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m potansiyel farkla yani ge\u00e7ti\u011fi alanla do\u011fru, iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki diren\u00e7le yani iki nokta aras\u0131 uzunlu\u011fuyla ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r i\u015fte bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 veren kanuna Ohm kanunu yada Ohm yasas\u0131 denir
\nGeorg Simon Ohm’da bunu; \u201cBir iletkenin iki ucu aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel fark\u0131n\u0131n,iletkenden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m \u015fiddetine oran\u0131 sabittir.\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diren\u00e7 birimi \u201cOhm\u201cdur bu de\u011fer ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck ise o kadar \u00e7ok diren\u00e7 var anlam\u0131na gelir. Farkl\u0131 malzemeler, farkl\u0131 diren\u00e7lere sahiptir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir metrelik al\u00fcminyum telin direnci 3,44 ohm’dur. Benzer bir bak\u0131r telin direnci ise 2,09 ohm’dur. 100 watt’l\u0131k bir lamban\u0131n direnci 140 ohm’dur. Ak\u0131m bir diren\u00e7ten ge\u00e7erken elektronlar enerji kaybederler. Elektronlar bir diren\u00e7ten ge\u00e7erken i\u015f yaparlar. Bu i\u015f \u0131s\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Potansiyel fark\u0131, ak\u0131m ve diren\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki Ohm Kanunu olarak bilinir. Ohm kanununa g\u00f6re; ak\u0131m, potansiyel fark\u0131n\u0131n dirence oran\u0131d\u0131r.
\nOhm kanunuyla ortaya konan ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar hangileridir?
\n1- R = U \/ I
\n2- V = \u0130 x R
\n3 = V \/ R
\nU= Al\u0131c\u0131 u\u00e7lar\u0131na uygulanan gerilim (Volt (V))
\nI= Al\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m \u015fiddeti (Amper (A))
\nR= Diren\u00e7 (Ohm)
\nDi\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lara ve form\u00fcllere buradan bakabilirsiniz.
\nHangi maddeler hangi diren\u00e7 oran\u0131na sahiptir?
\nMetal: G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Diren\u00e7: 1,98 ohm
\nMetal: Bak\u0131r Diren\u00e7: 2.09
\nMetal: Alt\u0131n Diren\u00e7: 2,96
\nMetal: Al\u00fcminyum Diren\u00e7: 3,44
\nMetal: Pirin\u00e7 Diren\u00e7: 8,50
\nMetal: Nikel Diren\u00e7: 9,48
\nMetal: Demir Diren\u00e7: 12,1
\nMetal: Kalay Diren\u00e7: 14,0
\nMetal: Kur\u015fun Diren\u00e7: 26,7
\nDiren\u00e7 nedir?
\nDevreye uygulanan gerilim ve ak\u0131m bir u\u00e7tan di\u011fer uca ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar izledi\u011fi yolda birtak\u0131m zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Bu zorluklar elektronlar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fini etkileyen veya geciktiren kuvvetlerdir. \u0130\u015fte bu kuvvetlere Diren\u00e7 denir. Diren\u00e7lerin elektronik devrelerdeki g\u00f6revleri nelerdir?
\n1- Devreden ge\u00e7en ak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayarak ayn\u0131 de\u011ferde tutmak.
\n2- Devrenin besleme gerilimini b\u00f6lerek, yani k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek ba\u015fka elemanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak.
\n3- Hassas yap\u0131l\u0131 devre elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.
\n4- Her devre eleman\u0131 belirli voltaj aral\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, belirli ak\u0131mlara dayanabilir ya da gereksinim duyar,yada belirli voltajlara belirli tepkiler verir. Devrenin belirli yerlerine yerle\u015ftirilen diren\u00e7ler elektrik enerjisinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendileri kullanarak devrenin her noktas\u0131nda gerekli de\u011ferlerde voltaj ya da ak\u0131m olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in konur.<\/p>\n

\"ohm<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir Metrenin \u0130\u00e7 Direncini Bulma<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131, ayarl\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131n\u0131z. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 0~30 V. Ve 0~10 Amp. veriyor. (Bu de\u011ferleri sadece \u00f6rnek olarak veriyorum). Aleti bir g\u00fczel kutulad\u0131n\u0131z, voltaj ve ak\u0131m kontrol d\u00fc\u011fmeleri takt\u0131n\u0131z. S\u0131ra de\u011ferleri okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z metreleri takmaya geldi. Hurdal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z, bir voltmetre ve bir ampermetre buldunuz. Diyelim ki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri de birbirinin ayni ama, voltmetrenizin ve ampermetrenizin skalas\u0131 bu de\u011ferleri g\u00f6steremiyor. Neticede \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aletlerinize birer (\u015f\u00f6nt) direnci takman\u0131z gerekiyor. Buraya kadar tamam, ancak bu direnci hesaplayabilmeniz i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aletlerinizin i\u00e7 diren\u00e7lerini bulman\u0131z gerekecektir. Ondan sonra Ohm yasas\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u015f\u00f6nt direncini hesaplayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu \u00f6l\u00e7meyi yapabilece\u011finiz bir d\u00fczenek verilmi\u015ftir. Bu devreyi dikkatlice kurun ve tarif etti\u011fimiz \u015fekilde uygulamaya ba\u015flay\u0131n…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"metre-ic-direnci\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

E = ( ak\u0131m ) x ( diren\u00e7 )
\nDiren\u00e7 = Volt \/ Amper
\nDevredeki 4.7 K. Bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama direncidir. Ayarl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ( 0 ) V. a getirin. S2 anahtar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n, S1 anahtar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131n. G\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n voltaj\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok az y\u00fckseltin. R3 direnciyle oynayarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aletinin ibresinin tam sklala sapmas\u0131n\u0131 temin edin. R3’e dokunmadan S2 anahtar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131n, R2 direnci ile oynayarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aletinin ibresini skalan\u0131n tam ortas\u0131na gelecek \u015fekilde ayarlay\u0131n. S2 anahtar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve R2 direncinin de\u011ferini hassas bir ohmmetre ile okuyun. Okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc aletinizin i\u00e7 direncine e\u015fit olacakt\u0131r.
\nMetrenize paralel ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u015f\u00f6nt direnci devreden ge\u00e7ecek ak\u0131m veya gerilimin yeteri kadar k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00fczerinden ak\u0131tacak dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sizin g\u00f6stergeden do\u011fru de\u011feri okuman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.
\n\u00d6rnek : 10 A. lik bir ak\u0131m\u0131, \u015f\u00f6nt ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve skalas\u0131 0~10 miliamper olan bir metrede okumak istedi\u011fimizde, 10 Amperin 10 Miliamperi metre \u00fczerinden, 9.990 Amperi \u015f\u00f6nt direncinden akacakt\u0131r.
\nDevam edelim: Elimizdeki metrenin i\u00e7 direnci 100 ohm olsun. Ohm yasas\u0131n\u0131 kullanal\u0131m: E denklemini kullanarak E= ( 0,01 amps. ) x ( 100 ohms ) = 1 Volt, sonra R denklemini kullanarak ;
\nR = 1 Volt \/ 9,990 Amps. = .1001 Ohms buluruz.
\n\u015e\u00f6nt direncini herhangi bir iletkenden yapabiliriz. Bu normal bir bak\u0131r tel olabilece\u011fi gibi, bir gitar teli veya bir kromnikel iletken de olabilir. \u0130letkenin direncinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ohm kanunu yada Ohm yasas\u0131; 1827 y\u0131l\u0131nda Georg Simon Ohm taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015ftur. Elektrik devrelerinde Voltaj,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,12],"tags":[779,91,778,777,776],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"large":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"covernews-slider-full":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"covernews-slider-center":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"covernews-featured":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"covernews-medium":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false],"covernews-medium-square":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/metre-ic-direnci.jpg",293,212,false]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Ferhat \u00c7elik","author_link":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/author\/94ferhat\/"},"category_info":"Ders Notlar\u0131<\/a> Elektronik Devreler<\/a>","tag_info":"Elektronik Devreler","comment_count":"6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2080"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2084,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2080\/revisions\/2084"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}