K<\/span>ur\u015funlu ak\u00fcleri \u015farj ederken dikkat edilmesi gereken iki \u00f6nemli husus vard\u0131r. Birincisi; \u015farj ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ak\u00fc kapasitesinin 1\/10’undan fazla olmamas\u0131 (ki bu devremizde ak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131yla sa\u011flanmakta), ve ikincisi de ak\u00fc voltaj\u0131n\u0131 14,4 Voltun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kartmamakt\u0131r (ki bu da yine devrede voltaj s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir)\u00a0-De\u011ferler 12V kur\u015funlu ak\u00fc i\u00e7in verilmi\u015ftir-<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n B<\/span>ir di\u011fer husus da, ak\u00fc \u015farj edilirken full kapasiteye eri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in ak\u00fc voltaj\u0131 14,4 Volta kadar y\u00fckseltilmelidir. Daha sonra da ak\u00fcy\u00fc tam dolu seviyede uzun s\u00fcre tutabilmek amac\u0131yla, uygulanan voltaj 13,5 Volt seviyesine indirilir. Bu voltaj \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreler uygulanabilir ki, bu \u015farj a\u015famas\u0131na float \u015farj denir. Bu durumda ak\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynama ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015farj riski ortadan kalkar. Devre bu olana\u011f\u0131 da sunacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6<\/span>ncelikle karar vermemiz gereken ka\u00e7 amperlik bir \u015farj ak\u0131m\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fudur. Genelikle teknelerde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ak\u00fcler 60Ah ile 250Ah kapasite aras\u0131ndaki kur\u015funlu ak\u00fclerdir. 60Ah’lik bir ak\u00fc i\u00e7in 2 ile 6(maksimun) amperlik bir \u015farj ak\u0131m\u0131 yeterlidir. 250Ah kapasiteli bo\u015f bir ak\u00fcy\u00fc ise 2 amper ile \u015farj etmek olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcrer. Devremizde maksimum ak\u0131m\u0131 belirleyen eleman, negatif hat \u00fczerindeki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131yla belirtilen diren\u00e7tir. Ak\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/R olarak hesaplanabilir. Bu durumda 0,5 ohmluk bir diren\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda devreden alabilece\u011fimiz maksimum ak\u0131m 2 amper olacak, 0,1 ohmluk bir diren\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da 10 amper olacakt\u0131r. Hernekadar 2N3055 \u00fczerinden iyi bir so\u011futucuyla 15 ampere kadar ak\u0131m \u00e7ekilebilse de maksimum ak\u0131m de\u011ferinizi 10 amperin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye etmem. Direncin Watt de\u011feri de her bir amper i\u00e7in en az 1 Watt olmal\u0131ysa da direncin fazla \u0131s\u0131nmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu \u00e7arpan 1,5 olarak al\u0131n\u0131rsa daha iyi olur. (0,5 ohm i\u00e7in 2Ax1,5V=3W, 0,1 ohm i\u00e7in 10Ax1,5V=15W gibi)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n T<\/span>rafonun VA se\u00e7imini de belirleyecek olan sistemden \u00e7ekmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz maksimum \u015farj ak\u0131m\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. 10 amper i\u00e7in (10Ax18V=180VA, 2 amper i\u00e7in 2Ax18V=32VA) Trafonun sekonder sarg\u0131s\u0131 en az 15V olmal\u0131d\u0131r (18V daha da iyi). De\u011fi\u015fik ak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlamar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir anahtar ya da kom\u00fctat\u00f6r yard\u0131m\u0131yla farkl\u0131 diren\u00e7ler de se\u00e7ilebilir. Ancak bu durumda kullan\u0131lacak anahtar ya da kom\u00fctat\u00f6r\u00fcn bu ak\u0131mlara dayanabilecek tipte olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n 2<\/span>N3055 transist\u00f6r\u00fc mutlaka kanatl\u0131 bir so\u011futucuya ya da, cihaz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e metal kutu i\u00e7ine monte ediyorsan\u0131z, kutuya, izole edilerek ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir. 5 amperin \u00fczerinde \u00e7ekilecek ak\u0131mlarda 2 adet 2N3055 transist\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc paralel ba\u011flayarak (base base’e, kollekt\u00f6r kollekt\u00f6re ve emiter emitere ba\u011flanarak) kullanman\u0131z ve her iki transist\u00f6r\u00fc so\u011futucuya ba\u011flaman\u0131z \u00e7ok daha uygun olacakt\u0131r. K\u00f6pr\u00fc diyodun da so\u011futucuya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n KAL\u0130BRASYON:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n D<\/span>evrede \u015farj voltaj\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 \u015femada \u00fcst sa\u011fda g\u00f6r\u00fclen trimpotlar taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r. Trimpotlarddan biri 14,4 volt s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 (full \u015farj), di\u011feri 13,5 volt s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 (float \u015farj) i\u00e7in ayarlanacakt\u0131r. Bu ayarlama i\u00e7in dijital bir voltmetreye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Devreyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikten sonra Float\/Full anahtar\u0131n\u0131 Float konumuna getirin. Voltmetrenizi kutuplara dikkat ederek devrenin ak\u00fc u\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011flay\u0131n. Anahtar\u0131n float konumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olan 2K trimpotu ayarlayarak voltmetrede 13,5 volt okudu\u011funuz noktay\u0131 bulup trimpotu bu konumda sabitleyin. Anahtar\u0131 Full konumuna getirin, bu kez di\u011fer trimpotu ayarlayarak 14,5 volt okudu\u011funuz konumda sabitleyin. Hepsi bu kadar.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n D<\/span>evre \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na 0-10A lik bir ampermetre ba\u011flamak \u015farj safhalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zleyebilmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Hele bir de Voltmetre ba\u011fl\u0131 olursa yeme de yan\u0131nda yat\u00a0! Ampermetrenin seri, voltmetrenin paralel ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini akl\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131kartmay\u0131n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n DEVRE NASIL \u00c7ALI\u015eIYOR:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n D<\/span>evredeki 2N3005 transist\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6revi ak\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak. Float\/Full anhtar\u0131n\u0131n konumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ak\u00fc voltaj\u0131 14,4 ya da 13,5 Volta eri\u015fti\u011finde ya da k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 diren\u00e7le belirlenen maksimum ak\u0131m’a ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu transist\u00f6r anahtarlamay\u0131 keserek ak\u0131m\u0131 minimum bir de\u011fere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu transist\u00f6r\u00fc kesime g\u00f6t\u00fcren sinyal BC557 ve BC547 transist\u00f6rlerinden gelir. En ba\u015fta BD139 ve 2N3055 transist\u00f6rleri ak\u00fc \u00fczerinden y\u00fcksek ak\u0131m ak\u0131t\u0131rlar ve bu anda BC557 ve BC547 kesimdedirler. Ancak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 diren\u00e7 \u00fczerinden akan ak\u0131m bu diren\u00e7 \u00fczerinde ak\u0131mla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bir voltaj olu\u015fturur. Bu voltaj k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede 22uF kondansat\u00f6r\u00fc \u015farj ederek BC547’nin emet\u00f6r ve base’i aras\u0131nda bir potansiyel olu\u015fturur. Bu transist\u00f6r kesimden belli bir oranda \u00e7\u0131karak Bd 139’un k\u0131smen kesime girmesine bu da N23055’in de k\u0131smen kesime gitmesine, \u00fczerinden ak\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Ak\u0131m azal\u0131nca k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 diren\u00e7 \u00fczerindeki voltaj d\u00fc\u015fer. Voltaj\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi olay\u0131 tesine \u00e7evirir. Sonu\u00e7ta devre bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k durumuna eri\u015fir ve ak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 bu \u015fekilde sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n A<\/span>k\u00fc voltaj\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e 2K trimpot+680 Ohm ve 39K Ohm diren\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu voltaj b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn BC557’nin base’ine uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 potansiyel de y\u00fckselir. Base ile emitter aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel 0,65 volta eri\u015fti\u011finde (ki bu trimpotlarla belirledi\u011fimiz maks. ak\u00fc voltaj\u0131na denk gelir), BC547 ‘yi iletime ge\u00e7irir. Bu da BD139 taraf\u0131ndan 2N3055’i hemen hemen tam kesime g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek ak\u00fcye g\u00f6nderilen ak\u0131m\u0131n miliamperler seviyesine d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur, b\u00f6ylece voltaj s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olur. Ak\u00fcn\u00fcn voltaj\u0131n\u0131n belirlenen seviyeniz \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve zarar g\u00f6rmesi engellenir.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n KULLANIM:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n A<\/span>k\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc (polariteye \u00f6zellikle dikkat ederek) devre \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011flay\u0131n. Float\/Full anahtar\u0131n\u0131 Full konumuna getirin. Ak\u00fcn\u00fcn doluluk oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ecek b\u00fcr s\u00fcre sonunda Ak\u00fc voltaj\u0131 14,4 volt’a y\u00fckselecek ve Devre kesime giderek ak\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecektir. Bundan sonra Ak\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc \u015earj\u00f6rden ay\u0131rabilir ya da anahtar\u0131 Float konumuna getirerek uzun s\u00fcre jarj\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n E<\/span>\u011fer \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcze bir voltmetre ekleme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131ysan\u0131z, devrelerimden\u00a06<\/span><\/a>,\u00a07<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ya da\u00a08<\/span><\/a>. s\u0131ralardaki ak\u00fc voltaj g\u00f6stergelerinden herhangi birini \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcze ekleyerek kullanabilirsiniz. Yak\u0131nda yay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131m bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, ayn\u0131 \u015farj cihaz\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 eleman daha eklenerek, daha geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir versiyonunu bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" . Ak\u00fc (12V) \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fc olarak tasarlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da devre \u015femas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz cihaz ufak de\u011fi\u015fiklerle,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,12],"tags":[96,97,30,98,99],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":"","covernews-slider-full":"","covernews-slider-center":"","covernews-featured":"","covernews-medium":"","covernews-medium-square":""},"author_info":{"display_name":"Ferhat \u00c7elik","author_link":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/author\/94ferhat\/"},"category_info":"Basit Elektronik Devreler<\/a> Elektronik Devreler<\/a>","tag_info":"Elektronik Devreler","comment_count":"3","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":382,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374\/revisions\/382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"charger\"](\"http:\/\/devrearsiv.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/charger.gif\")
<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n