{"id":949,"date":"2013-09-03T16:37:36","date_gmt":"2013-09-03T13:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/devrearsiv.com\/?p=949"},"modified":"2013-09-14T21:19:43","modified_gmt":"2013-09-14T18:19:43","slug":"ruzgar-enerjisi-nedir-ruzgar-turbinleri-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/ruzgar-enerjisi-nedir-ruzgar-turbinleri-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00fczgar Enerjisi Nedir? R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbinleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\"1\"<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

H<\/em><\/strong>avan\u0131n bir ak\u0131\u015fkan oldu\u011funu hayal etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hava g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. S\u0131v\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 olarak hava daha \u00e7abuk hareket eder ve bulundu\u011fu ortam\u0131n her yerini kaplar. Havan\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 yerde\u015ftirmesi ile i\u00e7indeki par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hareketi de h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. Havan\u0131n bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini kinetik enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme i\u015flemine R\u00fczgar Enerjisi ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131kla su gibi s\u0131v\u0131 maddelerin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullanarak enerji elde etmeye de hidro elektrik ad\u0131 verilmektedir ve \u00fcretilen merkeze Hidro Elektrik Santrali denilir. R\u00fczgar enerjisinden elektrik \u00fcreten merkezlere de R\u00fczgar Santrali denilmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar Santralleri kurulduktan sonra pervaneler r\u00fczgar\u0131n (havan\u0131n) hareketiyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 \u015faft\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Uygun bir jenerat\u00f6r ile de bu hareket enerjisi elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar enerjisi g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Gece olu\u015fan so\u011fuk hava tabakas\u0131n\u0131n yere yak\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, g\u00fcne\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131yla hemen \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flar. Fizik derslerinden de hat\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczere \u0131s\u0131nan hava genle\u015fir ve y\u00fckselir. Bu anda atmosferdeki so\u011fuk hava tabakas\u0131 yere do\u011fru iner. S\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk havan\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle de r\u00fczgar olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbini<\/strong>
\nEn basit anlamda bir r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbini 3 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.Pervane Kanatlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar esti\u011fi zaman pervanenin kanatlar\u0131na \u00e7arparak onu d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flar. Bu sayede r\u00fczgar enerjisi ile kinetik(hareket) enerjisi elde edilmi\u015f olur. Pervaneler r\u00fczgar esti\u011finde ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde d\u00f6necek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2.\u015eaft:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvenelerin d\u00f6nmesiyle ona ba\u011fl\u0131 olan \u015faft da d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flar. \u015eaft\u0131n d\u00f6nmesiyle de motor i\u00e7inde hareket olu\u015fur ve motorun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda elektrik enerji sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

3.Jenerat\u00f6r(\u00dcrete\u00e7):<\/strong><\/p>\n

Olduk\u00e7a basit bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r. Elektromanyetik ind\u00fcksiyon ile elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretilmi\u015f olur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oyuncak arabalardaki elektrik motoruna benzer bir sistemdir. \u0130\u00e7inde m\u0131knat\u0131slar bulunur. Bu m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda da ince tellerle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunur. Pervane \u015faft\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u011f\u00fc zaman motor i\u00e7indeki bu sar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi , etraf\u0131ndaki m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flar. Bunun sonucunda da alternatif ak\u0131m (AC) olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri, tarlalarda kullan\u0131nal yel de\u011firmenlerinden daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yel de\u011firmenleri pek yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lmaz. \u015eimdi modern r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinlerini tan\u0131maya devam edelim.<\/p>\n

Modern R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbin Teknolojisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbinleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde iki farkl\u0131 tasar\u0131mla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bunlardan birincisi alttaki foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi dikey eksen etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nebilen tasar\u0131m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\"2\"<\/div>\n

VAWTs yani \u201cVertical Axis Wind Turbine\u201d (D\u00fc\u015fey Eksenli R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbini) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015fey ekseni yere dik olacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daima r\u00fczgar\u0131n gelece\u011fi y\u00f6ne g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r.Yatay ekseninin r\u00fczgara g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Genelde ilk hareket olarak elektrik motoruna ihtiyac duymaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrbin yard\u0131mc\u0131 tellerle ekseninden sabitlenmi\u015ftir. Deniz seviyesine yak\u0131n yerlerde daha az r\u00fczgar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan cihaz\u0131n verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak t\u00fcm gerekli donan\u0131mlar yer seviyesinde olmas\u0131 bir avantaj olsa da, tar\u0131m arazileri i\u00e7in olumsuz etkisi fazla olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli tasar\u0131m ise D\u00fc\u015fey Eksenli R\u00fczgar T\u00fcrbini (HAWTs) \u201cHorizontal Axis Wind Turbine\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6nme ekseni yere paralel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir elektrik motoru yard\u0131m\u0131yla r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re pervanenin y\u00f6n\u00fc ayarlanabiliyor. Yap\u0131sal olarak bir elektrik motorundan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Verimli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in deniz seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 metre y\u00fcksekte olmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Rotor Blades (Pervane kanatlar\u0131)<\/em><\/strong> : R\u00fczgar enerjisini d\u00f6nme hareketine \u00e7evirmeye yarar.<\/p>\n

Shaft (\u015eaft)<\/em><\/strong> : D\u00f6nme hareketini \u00fcrete\u00e7e iletir.<\/p>\n

Gear Box (Di\u015fli Kutusu)<\/strong><\/em>: Pervaneyle \u015faft\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131p, \u00fcretece daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir hareket iletilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Generator (\u00dcrete\u00e7)<\/em><\/strong> : D\u00f6nme hareketinden elektrik enerjisi \u00fcreten b\u00f6l\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Breaks (Frenler)<\/em> <\/strong>: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme ve bir sorun oldu\u011funda pervaneyi durdurmaya yarar.<\/p>\n

Tower (Kule)<\/em><\/strong> : Pervane ve motor b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yerden g\u00fcvenli bir y\u00fckseklikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Electrical Equipment (Elektrik Donan\u0131m\u0131) : \u00dcretilen elektrik enerjisini ilgili merkezlere iletilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\"4\"<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcretilen Enerjinin Hesaplanmas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbininin \u00fcretti\u011fi enerjinin hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in r\u00fczgar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na ve pervane \u00e7ap\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla b\u00fcy\u00fck r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri saniyede 15 metre h\u0131zla d\u00f6nmektedir. Teorik olarak \u00fcretilen enerjinin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in pervane \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu da r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbininin y\u00fcksekli\u011finin de artmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu sayede daha fazla r\u00fczgar al\u0131p daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir d\u00f6nme hareketi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"5\"<\/p>\n

Genellikle r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri saatte 33 mil h\u0131zla d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde tam kapasite olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Saatte 45 mil (20 metre \/ saniye) h\u0131z\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda ise otomatik olarak sistem durmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrbinin fazla h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 halinde sistemi durduracak bir\u00e7ok kontrol bulumaktad\u0131r. En genel sistem fren sisteminidir.Pervane 45 mil\/saatte h\u0131z\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6nme i\u015flemini durdurur. Bundan ba\u015fka di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik elemanlar\u0131 da \u015funlard\u0131r<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131 Kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em> :\u00a0Pervane y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fcretilen ernerji de \u00e7ok fazla olmakta. Bu gibi durumlarda pervanelerin a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip daha yava\u015f bir d\u00f6nme hareketi elede etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pasif Yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/em>:\u00a0Genellikle pervaneler ve motor blo\u011fu sabir bir a\u00e7\u0131yla ayarlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak r\u00fczgar \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 esti\u011fi zamanlarda pervanenin tepe taklak olmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir sistemdir. Aerodinamik olarak r\u00fczgar\u0131n tersi y\u00f6nde pervanenin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip h\u0131z\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aktif Yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/em>:\u00a0A\u00e7\u0131 kontrol sistemine benzer bir sistemdir. \u00dcretilen g\u00fcc\u00fcn fazla olmas\u0131 durumunda pervane ve motor blo\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yarayan sistemdir.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak 50.000 r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbini , y\u0131ll\u0131k 50 milyar kilovat\/saat enerji \u00fcretir.
\nR\u00fczgar Enerjisi Kaynaklar\u0131 ve Ekonomisi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Tipik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbini y\u0131ll\u0131k 5.2 milyon KWh elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 hanenin elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve n\u00fckleer santraller, r\u00fczgar santrallerinden daha ucuza enerji \u00fcretebilmektedirler. O halde neden r\u00fczgar enerjisini kullanal\u0131m? Bunun iki \u00f6nemli nedenivar. R\u00fczgar enerjisinin \u201cTemiz\u201d ve \u201cYenilenebilir\u201d \u00f6zelliklerde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Atmostefe zararl\u0131 karbon dikosit ve nitrojen gazlar\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yoktur ve r\u00fczgar\u0131n bitmesi gibi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. R\u00fczgar enerjisi her \u00fclkede \u00fcretilebilir. Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerden enerji transfer etmeye gerek duyulmaz. Ayr\u0131ca r\u00fczgar santralleri uzak b\u00f6lgelere in\u015faa edilip, \u00fcretilen enerjinin merkezi yerlere iletilmesi daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"6\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

R\u00fczgar santrallerinin bu yararlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda olumsuz y\u00f6nleride de vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer enerji santaralleri gibi Herzaman y\u00fcksek verimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015famazlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc r\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermektedir. R\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri \u015fehirlere yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ses kirlili\u011fi sebebiyle insanlara, hayvanlara ve do\u011fal ya\u015fama rahats\u0131zl\u0131k vermektedir.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar varoldu\u011fundan beri g\u00fcvenilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. R\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yada kesildi\u011finde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc olmayan enerji kaynaklar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAK :\u00a0www.bilgiustam.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00a0 Havan\u0131n bir ak\u0131\u015fkan oldu\u011funu hayal etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hava g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. S\u0131v\u0131lardan farkl\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[292,290,291,293],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"large":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"covernews-slider-full":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"covernews-slider-center":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"covernews-featured":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"covernews-medium":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false],"covernews-medium-square":["https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/1.jpg",200,244,false]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Ferhat \u00c7elik","author_link":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/author\/94ferhat\/"},"category_info":"Teknoloji Haberleri<\/a>","tag_info":"Teknoloji Haberleri","comment_count":"5","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=949"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":957,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949\/revisions\/957"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devrearsivi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}